Sherborne Old Castle

Sherborne Old Castle

Sherborne Old Castle is a 12th-century castle built by the Bishop of Salisbury. The castle was later seized by the Crown and was briefly the home of Sir Walter Raleigh. The castle was besieged by Parliament during the Civil War and subsequently slighted to prevent further use.

History

In the early years of the 12th century Roger de Caen, Bishop of Salisbury, built a castle outside the ancient town of Sherborne, set in the middle of a large deer park. De Caen was one of the most powerful men of his age, serving Henry I as Chancellor and Justiciar, and governing England on the king's behalf when Henry was abroad in Normandy.

But the Bishop made a fatal mistake when he threw his support behind Empress Matilda in her bid to claim the crown after Henry's death. King Stephen seized Sherborne Castle and all the Bishop's estates, and for the next 2 centuries the castle remained a royal fortress.

Bishop Roger's gateway tower

Various Bishops tried to reassert their claim to Sherborne over the years, to no effect. In 1354 the castle was granted to the Earl of Salisbury, and Bishop Wyville was so incensed by the gift that he threatened to meet the Earl in single combat if necessary to retrieve the castle.

Thankfully combat was not necessary, and a compromise solution was reached; the Bishop would pay the Earl a lump sum and the title to Sherborne would be passed to the Bishops of Salisbury once more.

The inner courtyard

Sir Walter Raleigh's Sherborne

The Bishops retained Sherborne until 1592 when it was leased to Sir Walter Raleigh, the famous sea captain, explorer, and fading star of the Elizabethan court. Raleigh began a programme of modernisation, attempting to turn the early medieval castle into a comfortable residence, befitting a noble gentleman.

The challenge -- and the expense -- proved too great, and Raleigh instead opted to build a completely new Sherborne Castle a short distance away. The medieval structure became then the 'Old' castle. Raleigh loved Sherborne, and his ghost is said to wander the grounds on St Michael's Eve (29 September).

Old Sherborne Castle was abandoned, and allowed to decay, until the onset of the Civil War made it once more a military stronghold, at least briefly. Royalist troops held the castle, and a Parliamentary army under Sir Thomas Fairfax had to besiege it for 2 weeks before the garrison was forced to surrender. Parliament decided to 'slight' the castle to prevent it being used against them again, and the medieval walls were torn down.

Looking across the outer bailey

What to See

The castle that we see today is largely a product of the 12th century. The ruins consist of an inner bailey surrounding residential quarters in the form of a quadrangle. Outside this is a large outer bailey in an octagonal shape, defended by a ditch and a curtain wall.

The curtain wall is defended by 5 flanking towers. It is fascinating to realise that the concept of a mural tower was quite revolutionary in Bishop Roger's day, so what we are seeing at Sherborne is advanced military architecture.

Buildings in the inner quadrangle

The best-preserved tower is the main gate tower in the south-west corner. Inside the inner quadrangle, the foundations of a square stone keep can be seen. On the north side are the remains of a chapel built over a vaulted undercroft. There was originally a great hall opposite the chapel, but this seems to have been pulled down by Sir Walter Raleigh in an attempt to create a fashionable Elizabethan E-plan layout.

Visiting

The Old Castle is well signposted from Sherborne. In fact, you can walk from the town centre if you're feeling energetic. The ruins are quite extensive, giving a glimpse into the splendid castle that the Bishops of Salisbury would have enjoyed.